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Compassionate conservatism is a political philosophy that stresses using traditionally conservative techniques and concepts in order to improve the general welfare of society. The term itself is often credited to U.S. historian and politician Doug Wead, who used it as the title of a speech in 1979, although its origins lie in paternalism. This label and philosophy has been espoused by U.S. Republican and Democratic politicians since then though in recent times it has been strongly associated with former U.S. President George W. Bush, who commonly used the term to describe his personal views.〔 This philosophy has also been espoused in the United Kingdom by British Prime Minister David Cameron. ==Origins of the term== Historian and presidential advisor Doug Wead may have been the first person to use the phrase ''compassionate conservative''. In 1977, Wead wrote a book about Kolkata, India, entitled ''The Compassionate Touch''.〔''The Compassionate Touch'', Doug Wead, Bethany House, 1977〕 In 1979, he gave a popular speech entitled “The Compassionate Conservative” at the annual Washington Charity Dinner. Tapes of the speech were sold across the country at corporate seminars.〔Jacob Weisberg, The Bush Tragedy, Random House, 2008. Page 93〕 Wead contended that the policies of Republican conservatives should be motivated by compassion, not protecting the status quo. And Wead declared himself to be “a bleeding heart conservative,” meaning that he cared for people and sincerely believed that a free marketplace was better for the poor. In 1981, in a perhaps-unrelated usage, Vernon Jordan of the National Urban League said, of the Reagan administration,〔''The New York Times'', 23 July 1981, p. 17.〕 In 1982, Wead co-authored with Ronald Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, James G. Watt, the book ''The Courage of a Conservative'' and developed his ideas further in chapter five of the book, which was entitled “The Compassionate Conservative.”〔''The Courage of a Conservative'', Simon and Schuster, 1985〕 In 1984, U.S. Representative James Robert Jones (D-OK) told the ''The New York Times'':〔''The New York Times'', 8 November 1984.〕 Earlier the same year Republican Ray Shamie proclaimed that "I believe in a visionary and compassionate conservatism"〔''Christian Science Monitor'', 20 September 1984, p. 19.〕 In June, 1986, Wead wrote an article for the ''Christian Herald'', describing then-vice-president George H. W. Bush, to whom he served as an aide, as a “compassionate conservative.”〔“George Bush: Where Does He Stand?”, Doug Wead, ''Christian Herald'', June 1986〕 According to journalist Jacob Weisberg, George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush's son, first picked up the term "compassionate conservative" from Wead, in 1987.〔Jacob Weisberg, The Bush Tragedy, Random House, 2008. Page 92〕 In 1992, when Doug Wead ran for U.S. Representative from Arizona, he wrote a campaign book entitled ''Time for a Change''. The first chapter was called “The Compassionate Conservative” and outlined Wead’s philosophy that the masses didn’t care if Republican policies worked if the attitude and purpose behind the policies were uncaring.〔Doug Wead, ''Time for a Change'', 1992〕 Some insist the doctrine was invented by Dr. Marvin Olasky, who went on to memorialize it in his books ''Renewing American Compassion'' (1996) and ''Compassionate Conservatism: What it is, What it Does, and How it Can Transform America'' (2000), and Myron Magnet of the Manhattan Institute. Olasky has been called the "godfather of compassionate conservatism".〔Olasky, Martin, ''Renewing American Compassion'', "God promises blessings for obedience, but never an all-expense paid vacation. Adam's work was not endlessly frustrating... That all changed with man's independent and rebellious grasping for the knowledge of good and evil. Man must now do tiring work to live." p. 169; "Lazy hands make a man poor." (quoting Proverbs); "If a man does not work, he shall not eat." (quoting Paul, Second Thessalonians)〕 The phrase was popularized when George W. Bush adopted it as one of his key slogans during his 2000 presidential campaign against Al Gore. Bush also wrote the foreword to Olasky's ''Compassionate Conservatism''. Olasky said others had come up with the term first. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Compassionate conservatism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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